Innovation
What Regulation E Requires Banks To Do After an Unauthorized Transfer
Federal rules cap most consumer liability at $50 and give financial institutions a 10-business-day clock to investigate, with narrow exceptions stretching to 45…
Author
Jacob Hoffman
Independent editorial contributor covering markets, digital assets, risk and personal finance.
Articles by Jacob Hoffman
Innovation
Network Tokenization Explained: How Visa and Mastercard Replace Card Numbers
Card networks now route most card-on-file and mobile transactions through a substitute number called a network token, and issuers say the swap measurably cuts…
Innovation
How Agentic Commerce Would Let AI Agents Pay for You
Protocols released between May 2025 and March 2026 — Google's AP2, the OpenAI-Stripe ACP, Coinbase's x402 and Stripe's MPP — define how an AI agent could pay…
Innovation
Why Payments Cryptography Faces a Hard Quantum Migration Deadline
NIST published final post-quantum standards in August 2024 and proposed phasing out RSA and elliptic-curve cryptography by 2035, giving payment systems a decade…
Innovation
How ISO 20022 Is Rewiring Payment Messages Across Fedwire and SWIFT
Fedwire switched to ISO 20022 in a one-day cutover on March 10, 2025, and SWIFT retired legacy MT payment messages in November 2025, giving banks structured…