Payments
What Interchange Fees Actually Are — and Who Ends Up Paying Them
Interchange is the fee a merchant's bank pays the cardholder's bank on every card transaction, and it is set by the networks, not negotiated by the store on the…
NUV Media — PAYMENTS · FINTECH · BANKING
Merchants
How Chargebacks Work — and What Merchants Can Actually Contest
A chargeback reverses a card sale at the issuer's hand before the merchant hears about it, and the merchant's only recourse is evidence, not argument.
Fintech
How FedNow Settles Instant Payments in Master Accounts, Now Capped at $10 Million
The Federal Reserve's instant rail settles in central bank money around the clock, with network limits raised to $10 million effective November 12, 2025.
Regulation
CFPB Finalizes Section 1033 Open-Banking Rule With Compliance Starting in 2026
The CFPB's personal financial data rights rule requires the largest banks to open customer data to rival providers on request, with the first deadlines arriving…
Regulation
CFPB's Regulation E Gives Banks a 10-to-45-Day Error Clock
Payments
How Regulation II Caps Debit Interchange Fees at 21 Cents
The Federal Reserve's Regulation II limits what banks with $10 billion or more in assets can charge merchants per debit swipe, and the gap between covered and…
Banking
Federal Reserve Lifts FedNow's Transaction Cap to $10 Million
The Federal Reserve raised the per-transaction ceiling on its FedNow instant payment rail tenfold, effective January 1, 2026, clearing the way for larger…
Innovation
Network Tokenization Explained: How Visa and Mastercard Replace Card Numbers
Card networks now route most card-on-file and mobile transactions through a substitute number called a network token, and issuers say the swap measurably cuts…
Merchants
How a Card Chargeback Moves From Dispute to Final Decision
A chargeback pulls funds back from a merchant's account before any human at the business sees a complaint, and the clock the merchant is racing starts the…
Protection
What Regulation E Requires Banks To Do After an Unauthorized Transfer
Federal rules cap most consumer liability at $50 and give financial institutions a 10-business-day clock to investigate, with narrow exceptions stretching to 45…
Fintech News
Federal Reserve's Regulation II Caps Debit Interchange At 21 Cents
Regulation II has bound large-bank debit interchange to 21 cents plus 5 basis points of transaction value since October 2011, with a fraud-prevention add-on and…
Business News
Federal Reserve Caps Debit Interchange At 21 Cents Plus Fraud Fee
Regulation II limits what large debit card issuers can collect on a swipe to a formula set in 2011 that the Fed proposed lowering in 2023 but has not changed in…