
What an Acquirer Does Between a Swipe and Settlement
The acquiring bank routes the authorization, absorbs the merchant's risk, batches the day's sales, and funds the merchant's account — usually minus fees.

The acquiring bank routes the authorization, absorbs the merchant's risk, batches the day's sales, and funds the merchant's account — usually minus fees.

Interchange is the fee a merchant's bank pays the cardholder's bank on every card transaction, and it is set by the networks, not negotiated by the store on the…
The November 9–10 agenda in Charlotte reads as a checklist of what bank executives say they cannot solve alone: AI, core modernization, trust, customer…

The Federal Reserve's Regulation II limits what banks with $10 billion or more in assets can charge merchants per debit swipe, and the gap between covered and…

The Credit Card Competition Act of 2026, introduced January 13, would require the largest banks to enable a second credit routing network; it remains in Senate…
Payment failures account for 29 percent of subscription churn per Churnkey's benchmarks, and recovery runs on retry timing, card account updaters and…

The Federal Reserve raised the per-transaction ceiling on its FedNow instant payment rail tenfold, effective January 1, 2026, clearing the way for larger…

The average overdraft fee still runs about 27 dollars per transaction, per Bankrate's checking survey, even after four major banks eliminated the fee entirely.

Federal rules cap most consumer liability at $50 and give financial institutions a 10-business-day clock to investigate, with narrow exceptions stretching to 45…

Card networks now route most card-on-file and mobile transactions through a substitute number called a network token, and issuers say the swap measurably cuts…

A chargeback reverses a card sale at the issuer's hand before the merchant hears about it, and the merchant's only recourse is evidence, not argument.

A chargeback pulls funds back from a merchant's account before any human at the business sees a complaint, and the clock the merchant is racing starts the…

Under 12 CFR 1005.11, a financial institution has 10 business days to investigate a disputed electronic transfer, or must provisionally credit the account and…

Regulation II limits what large debit card issuers can collect on a swipe to a formula set in 2011 that the Fed proposed lowering in 2023 but has not changed in…

Open banking consent runs on OAuth 2.0 scopes and token lifetimes: customers pick data categories at their bank, apps receive short-lived access tokens, and the…

Treasury's April 3, 2026 proposed rule on substantially similar state regimes joins four open GENIUS Act dockets across the OCC, FDIC and NCUA, all pointing at…

Federal Reserve fee schedules price a FedNow instant credit at 4.5 cents per transfer, while Fedwire Funds per-item fees run roughly 16 to 53 cents depending on…

Issuer response codes such as 05, 14, 51 and 57 each carry a different operational instruction for merchants, from retry timing to card-on-file hygiene.