Payments
What Interchange Fees Actually Are — and Who Ends Up Paying Them
Interchange is the fee a merchant's bank pays the cardholder's bank on every card transaction, and it is set by the networks, not negotiated by the store on the…
Author
Naomi Bergman
Naomi Bergman covers the systems that move money, and the small design decisions inside them that quietly decide who gets served. She explains payment rails and credit scoring, covers federal rulemaking and the national record, and reads markets from release to close.
Articles by Naomi Bergman
Finance News
CFPB's Regulation E Gives Banks a 10-to-45-Day Error Clock
Under 12 CFR 1005.11, a financial institution has 10 business days to investigate a disputed electronic transfer, or must provisionally credit the account and…
Payments
How Regulation II Caps Debit Interchange Fees at 21 Cents
The Federal Reserve's Regulation II limits what banks with $10 billion or more in assets can charge merchants per debit swipe, and the gap between covered and…
Finance News
Federal Reserve Caps Debit Interchange At 21 Cents Plus Fraud Fee
Regulation II limits what large debit card issuers can collect on a swipe to a formula set in 2011 that the Fed proposed lowering in 2023 but has not changed in…
Finance News
CFPB Finalizes Section 1033 Open-Banking Rule With Compliance Starting in 2026
The CFPB's personal financial data rights rule requires the largest banks to open customer data to rival providers on request, with the first deadlines arriving…